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Original Article
BLAKE3-Merkle Cryptographic Framework with RAG- Powered AI for Tamper-Proof Evidence Management in Criminal Investigation
Dr. Santhi Baskaran1
Gauttham R2
Thangamani K3
Methishwaran V4
1 2 3 4 Department of Information Technology, Puducherry Technological University, Puducherry, India.
Published Online: March-April 2026
Pages: 254-261
Cite this article
↗ https://www.doi.org/10.59256/ijire.20260702031
References
1. National Crime Records Bureau, "Crime in India 2022," Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India, 2023.
2. Supreme Court of India, "National Judicial Data Grid," 2023. Available: https://njdg.ecourts.gov.in/
3. S. Garfinkel, "Digital forensics research: The next 10 years," Digital Investigation, vol. 7, pp. S64-S73, 2010.
4. National Institute of Standards and Technology, "Advanced Encryption Standard (AES)," FIPS Publication 197, 2001.
5. R. C. Merkle, "A digital signature based on a conventional encryption function," in Proc. CRYPTO, 1987, pp. 369-378.
6. J. O'Connor, J.-P. Aumasson, S. Neves, and Z. Wilcox-O'Hearn, "BLAKE3: One function, fast everywhere," 2020.
7. J. Deng, J. Guo, N. Xue, and S. Zafeiriou, "ArcFace: Additive Angular Margin Loss for Deep Face Recognition," in Proc. IEEE/CVF
CVPR, 2019, pp. 4690-4699.
8. J. Johnson, M. Douze, and H. Jegou, "Billion-scale similarity search with GPUs," IEEE Trans. Big Data, vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 535-547,
2021.
9. J. Nurmi, "Ahmia - Searching the Tor Network," Aalto University, 2017.
10. P. Lewis et al., "Retrieval-Augmented Generation for Knowledge-Intensive NLP Tasks," in Proc. NeurIPS, 2020.
11. S. Yao et al., "ReAct: Synergizing Reasoning and Acting in Language Models," in Proc. ICLR, 2023.
12. Meta AI, "Llama 3: Open Foundation and Fine-Tuned Chat Models," Technical Report, 2024.
13. Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, "Section 65B: Admissibility of electronic records," Government of India, 2024.
14. Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, "Section 154: Information in cognizable cases," Government of India, 2024.
15. Ministry of Home Affairs, "Crime and Criminal Tracking Network and Systems (CCTNS)," National Informatics Centre, 2009.
16. N. Reimers and I. Gurevych, "Sentence-BERT: Sentence Embeddings using Siamese BERT-Networks," in Proc. EMNLP, 2019.
17. A. Hagberg, D. Schult, and P. Swart, "Exploring network structure, dynamics, and function using NetworkX," in Proc. SciPy, 2008.
18. Groq Inc., "Groq LPU Inference Engine: Hardware-Accelerated LLM Inference," Technical Brief, 2024.
19. R. Mukherjee and K. Mondal, "Electronic evidence and its challenges in India: A study under the Information Technology Act,"
IJLMH, vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 2456-2471, 2021.
20. S. Samtani, R. Chinn, H. Chen, and J. Nunamaker, "Exploring Hacker Assets in Underground Forums," in Proc. IEEE ISI, 2015, pp.
31-36.
21. V. Bhatia, S. Rawat, and M. Garg, "CDR Analysis for Criminal Investigation: An Indian Perspective," Int. J. Forensic Sci. Pathol.,
vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 312-318, 2017.
2. Supreme Court of India, "National Judicial Data Grid," 2023. Available: https://njdg.ecourts.gov.in/
3. S. Garfinkel, "Digital forensics research: The next 10 years," Digital Investigation, vol. 7, pp. S64-S73, 2010.
4. National Institute of Standards and Technology, "Advanced Encryption Standard (AES)," FIPS Publication 197, 2001.
5. R. C. Merkle, "A digital signature based on a conventional encryption function," in Proc. CRYPTO, 1987, pp. 369-378.
6. J. O'Connor, J.-P. Aumasson, S. Neves, and Z. Wilcox-O'Hearn, "BLAKE3: One function, fast everywhere," 2020.
7. J. Deng, J. Guo, N. Xue, and S. Zafeiriou, "ArcFace: Additive Angular Margin Loss for Deep Face Recognition," in Proc. IEEE/CVF
CVPR, 2019, pp. 4690-4699.
8. J. Johnson, M. Douze, and H. Jegou, "Billion-scale similarity search with GPUs," IEEE Trans. Big Data, vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 535-547,
2021.
9. J. Nurmi, "Ahmia - Searching the Tor Network," Aalto University, 2017.
10. P. Lewis et al., "Retrieval-Augmented Generation for Knowledge-Intensive NLP Tasks," in Proc. NeurIPS, 2020.
11. S. Yao et al., "ReAct: Synergizing Reasoning and Acting in Language Models," in Proc. ICLR, 2023.
12. Meta AI, "Llama 3: Open Foundation and Fine-Tuned Chat Models," Technical Report, 2024.
13. Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, "Section 65B: Admissibility of electronic records," Government of India, 2024.
14. Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, "Section 154: Information in cognizable cases," Government of India, 2024.
15. Ministry of Home Affairs, "Crime and Criminal Tracking Network and Systems (CCTNS)," National Informatics Centre, 2009.
16. N. Reimers and I. Gurevych, "Sentence-BERT: Sentence Embeddings using Siamese BERT-Networks," in Proc. EMNLP, 2019.
17. A. Hagberg, D. Schult, and P. Swart, "Exploring network structure, dynamics, and function using NetworkX," in Proc. SciPy, 2008.
18. Groq Inc., "Groq LPU Inference Engine: Hardware-Accelerated LLM Inference," Technical Brief, 2024.
19. R. Mukherjee and K. Mondal, "Electronic evidence and its challenges in India: A study under the Information Technology Act,"
IJLMH, vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 2456-2471, 2021.
20. S. Samtani, R. Chinn, H. Chen, and J. Nunamaker, "Exploring Hacker Assets in Underground Forums," in Proc. IEEE ISI, 2015, pp.
31-36.
21. V. Bhatia, S. Rawat, and M. Garg, "CDR Analysis for Criminal Investigation: An Indian Perspective," Int. J. Forensic Sci. Pathol.,
vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 312-318, 2017.
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