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Mushroom cultivation, particularly Agaricus bisporus, requires precise environmental control to ensure optimal growth and yield. Traditional manual monitoring methods often result in inconsistent conditions, delayed detection of anomalies, and increased labor dependency. This paper presents an intelligent Internet of Things (IoT)-based system for real-time monitoring and automated control of mushroom cultivation environments. The proposed system integrates environmental sensors with an ESP32 microcontroller and an ESP32-CAM module for visual monitoring. A threshold-based control mechanism is implemented to regulate temperature, humidity, and soil moisture, while image acquisition supports early detection of abnormal growth conditions. Mathematical models are introduced to describe environmental stability and control behavior. Experimental observations indicate improved consistency, reduced manual intervention, and enhanced system reliability. The proposed solution is cost-effective, scalable, and suitable for modern smart agriculture applications.