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Original Article
High-Quality Factor Biosensor Using 2D Photonic Crystal Ring Resonator
Sindageri Uday Kumar1
Tejas U2
Abhinandan K C3
Tejaswini M R4
1 2 3 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, BGS Institute of Technology, BG Nagar, Mandya, Karnataka, India. 4 Assistant Professor, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, BGS Institute of Technology, BG Nagar, Mandya, Karnataka, India.
Published Online: May-June 2026
Pages: 275-280
Cite this article
↗ https://www.doi.org/10.59256/ijire.20260703028References
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pp. 1294–1303, 2016.
18. U. Kim et al., "Force sensor integrated surgical forceps for minimally invasive robotic surgery," IEEE Transactions on Robotics, vol.
31, pp. 1214–1224, 2015.
Research Article, 2021.
2. Q. T. Ostrom et al., "Primary brain and central nervous system tumors diagnosed in the United States," Neuro-Oncology, vol. 17, pp.
iv1–iv62, 2015.
3. Y. T. Udaka and R. J. Packer, "Pediatric brain tumors," Neurology Clinics, vol. 36, pp. 533–556, 2018.
4. D. Y. Lee, J. Kim, and J. S. Kim, "Anisotropic patterning to reduce instability of concentric-tube robots," IEEE Transactions on
Robotics, vol. 31, pp. 1311–1323, 2015.
5. J. Kim et al., "Continuously variable stiffness mechanism using non-uniform patterns on coaxial tubes," IEEE Transactions on Robotics,
2019.
6. C. Forbrigger et al., "Cable-less magnetically driven forceps for minimally invasive surgery," IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters,
vol. 4, pp. 1202–1207, 2019.
7. A. L. Trejos, R. V. Patel, and M. D. Naish, "Force sensing and its application in minimally invasive surgery," Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng.
C, vol. 224, pp. 1435–1454, 2010.
8. H. J. Marcus et al., "Forces exerted during microneurosurgery: A cadaver study," International Journal of Medical Robotics, vol. 10,
pp. 251–256, 2014.
9. A. Chortos, J. Liu, and Z. Bao, "Pursuing prosthetic electronic skin," Nature Materials, vol. 15, pp. 937–950, 2016.
10. S. Pyo et al., "Flexible three-axis tactile sensor based on carbon nanotube polymer composite," Journal of Micromechanics and
Microengineering, vol. 24, 2014.
11. G. Schwartz et al., "Flexible polymer transistors with high pressure sensitivity for electronic skin," Nature Communications, vol. 4,
2013.
12. Y. Dai, Y. Xue, and J. Zhang, "Milling state identification based on vibration sense," IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol.
63, pp. 6184–6193, 2016.
13. W. Liang and K. K. Tan, "Contact force control on soft membrane for surgical device," IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,
vol. 65, pp. 9593–9603, 2018.
14. T. Zhang et al., "A novel 3-DOF force sensing micro needle with integrated fiber Bragg grating," IEEE Transactions on Industrial
Electronics, 2021.
15. D. Ferraro et al., "Implantable fiber Bragg grating sensor for heart activity monitoring," IEEE Sensors Journal, 2021.
16. A. Li et al., "Dome shaped PVDF-TrFE films for flexible tactile sensors," Proc. IEEE MEMS Conference, 2007.
17. O. Arabagi et al., "Biocompatible pressure sensing skins for minimally invasive surgical instruments," IEEE Sensors Journal, vol. 16,
pp. 1294–1303, 2016.
18. U. Kim et al., "Force sensor integrated surgical forceps for minimally invasive robotic surgery," IEEE Transactions on Robotics, vol.
31, pp. 1214–1224, 2015.
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