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Research Article
Underwater Welding: A Review
Kunal Kumar1
Nitin Chabra2
1Student, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Jaipur Engineering College & Research Center, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India. 2Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Jaipur Engineering College & Research Center, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India.
Published Online: January-February 2023
Pages: 48-54
Cite this article
No DOIReferences
1] Esam F. Alajmi. Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications ISSN: 2248-9622, Vol. 6, Issue 3, (Part - 6) March 2016,
pp.86-88
2] Bae, D.M., Prabowo, A.R., Cao, B., Zakki, A.F., Haryadi, G.D., 2016a. Study on collision between two ships using selected parameters
in collision simulation. Journal of Marine Science and Application 15, 63-72.
3] Bae, D.M., Prabowo, A.R., Cao, B., Sohn, J.M., Zakki, A.F., Wang, Q., 2016b. Numerical simulation for the collision between side
structure and level ice in event of side impact scenario.Latin American Journal of Solids and Structures 13, 2991-3004.
4] Cao, B., Bae, D.M., Sohn, J.M., Prabowo, A.R., Chen, T.H., Li, H., 2016. Numerical analysis for damage characteristics caused by
ice collision on side structure. International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering 49996, no. V008T07A019.
5] Muttaqie, T., Thang, D.Q., Prabowo, A.R., Cho, S.R., Sohn, J.M., 2019. Numerical studies of the failure modes of ring-stiffened
cylinders under hydrostatic pressure. Structural Engineering and Mechanics 70, 431-443.
6] Guo, N., Liu, D., Guo, W., Li, H., Feng, J., 2015. Effect of Ni on microstructure and mechanical properties of underwater wet welding
joint. Materials and Design 77, 25–31.
7] Labanowski, J., 2011. Development of under-water welding techniques. Welding International 25, 933–937.
8] Barnabas, S.G., Rajakarunakaran, S., Pandian, G.S., Buhari, A.M.I., 2020. Review on enhancement techniques necessary for the
improvement of underwater welding. Material Today: Proceedings.
9] Doyen, J., Castellucci, P., Colchen, D., 1992. Fatigue strength of joints made in hyperbaric and wet underwater welding. Welding
International 6, 287-291.
10] Majumdar, J.D., 2006. Technical Note Underwater Welding – present status and futurescope. Journal of Naval Architecture
and Marine Engineering 3, 39-48.
11] Orr, L., 2006. Underwater welding. Shipping World and Shipbuilder 207, 38–39.12] Taylor, P., Jerzy, L., 2011. Development of
under-water welding techniques, 37–41.
13] Rodriguez-Sanchez, J.E., Perez-Guerrero, F., Liu, S., Rodriguez-Castellanos, A., Albiter- Hernandez, A., 2014. Underwater repair of
fatigue cracks by gas tungsten arc welding process. Fatigue Fract. Eng. Mater. Struct. 37, 637–644.
14] Yang, Q., Han, Y., Jia, C., Wu, J., Dong, S., Wu, C., 2019. Impeding effect of bubbles onmetal transfer in underwater wet FCAW.
J. Manuf. Process 45, 682–689
15] Chen, H., Guo, N., Zhang, X., Zhou, L., Wang, G., 2020. Effect of water flow on the microstructure, mechanical performance, and
cracking susceptibility of underwater wet welded Q235 and E40 steel. Journal of Materials Processing Technology 277, 103-115.
16] Gao, W., Wang, D., Cheng, F., Di, X., Deng, C., Xu, W., 2016. Microstructural and mechanical performance of underwater wet
welded S355 steel. Journal of Materials Processing Technology 238, 333–340.
17] Nixon, J.H., 2000. Underwater welding technology. Underw. Repair Technol. 544, 25–37
18] Wang, Y., Chen, Y., Zhang, W., Liu, D., Huang H., 2009. Study on underwater wet arc welding training with haptic device. IEEE
International Conference on Virtual Environments, Human-Computer Interfaces, and Measure ments Systems, Proceedings, 191–195.
19] Chen, H., Guo, N., Shi, X., Du, Y., Feng, J., Wang, G., 2018. Effect of hydrostatic pressure on protective bubble characteristic and
weld quality in underwater flux-cored wire wet welding.Journal of Materials Processing Technology 259, 159–168
20] Callister, W.D.Jr., 2003. Materials Science and Enginering. Utah: University of Utah.
21] Xue, S., Wang, B., Zhang, L., Long, W., 2019. Development of Green Welding Technology in China During the Past. Materials
Reports 33, 2813- 2830
22] Fydrych, D., Labanowski, J., Rogalski, G., 2013. Weldability of high strength steels in wet welding conditions. Polish Maritime
Research 20, 67- 73.
23] Zhang, Y., Jia, C., Zhao, B., Hu, J., Wu, C., 2016. Heat input and metal transfer influences on the weld geometry and microstructure
during underwater wet FCAW. Journal of Materials Processing Technology 238, 373–382.
24] Shanavas, S., Dhas, J.E.R., Murugan, N., 2018. Weldability of marine grade AA 5052 aluminum alloy by underwater friction stir
welding. The international Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology.
pp.86-88
2] Bae, D.M., Prabowo, A.R., Cao, B., Zakki, A.F., Haryadi, G.D., 2016a. Study on collision between two ships using selected parameters
in collision simulation. Journal of Marine Science and Application 15, 63-72.
3] Bae, D.M., Prabowo, A.R., Cao, B., Sohn, J.M., Zakki, A.F., Wang, Q., 2016b. Numerical simulation for the collision between side
structure and level ice in event of side impact scenario.Latin American Journal of Solids and Structures 13, 2991-3004.
4] Cao, B., Bae, D.M., Sohn, J.M., Prabowo, A.R., Chen, T.H., Li, H., 2016. Numerical analysis for damage characteristics caused by
ice collision on side structure. International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering 49996, no. V008T07A019.
5] Muttaqie, T., Thang, D.Q., Prabowo, A.R., Cho, S.R., Sohn, J.M., 2019. Numerical studies of the failure modes of ring-stiffened
cylinders under hydrostatic pressure. Structural Engineering and Mechanics 70, 431-443.
6] Guo, N., Liu, D., Guo, W., Li, H., Feng, J., 2015. Effect of Ni on microstructure and mechanical properties of underwater wet welding
joint. Materials and Design 77, 25–31.
7] Labanowski, J., 2011. Development of under-water welding techniques. Welding International 25, 933–937.
8] Barnabas, S.G., Rajakarunakaran, S., Pandian, G.S., Buhari, A.M.I., 2020. Review on enhancement techniques necessary for the
improvement of underwater welding. Material Today: Proceedings.
9] Doyen, J., Castellucci, P., Colchen, D., 1992. Fatigue strength of joints made in hyperbaric and wet underwater welding. Welding
International 6, 287-291.
10] Majumdar, J.D., 2006. Technical Note Underwater Welding – present status and futurescope. Journal of Naval Architecture
and Marine Engineering 3, 39-48.
11] Orr, L., 2006. Underwater welding. Shipping World and Shipbuilder 207, 38–39.12] Taylor, P., Jerzy, L., 2011. Development of
under-water welding techniques, 37–41.
13] Rodriguez-Sanchez, J.E., Perez-Guerrero, F., Liu, S., Rodriguez-Castellanos, A., Albiter- Hernandez, A., 2014. Underwater repair of
fatigue cracks by gas tungsten arc welding process. Fatigue Fract. Eng. Mater. Struct. 37, 637–644.
14] Yang, Q., Han, Y., Jia, C., Wu, J., Dong, S., Wu, C., 2019. Impeding effect of bubbles onmetal transfer in underwater wet FCAW.
J. Manuf. Process 45, 682–689
15] Chen, H., Guo, N., Zhang, X., Zhou, L., Wang, G., 2020. Effect of water flow on the microstructure, mechanical performance, and
cracking susceptibility of underwater wet welded Q235 and E40 steel. Journal of Materials Processing Technology 277, 103-115.
16] Gao, W., Wang, D., Cheng, F., Di, X., Deng, C., Xu, W., 2016. Microstructural and mechanical performance of underwater wet
welded S355 steel. Journal of Materials Processing Technology 238, 333–340.
17] Nixon, J.H., 2000. Underwater welding technology. Underw. Repair Technol. 544, 25–37
18] Wang, Y., Chen, Y., Zhang, W., Liu, D., Huang H., 2009. Study on underwater wet arc welding training with haptic device. IEEE
International Conference on Virtual Environments, Human-Computer Interfaces, and Measure ments Systems, Proceedings, 191–195.
19] Chen, H., Guo, N., Shi, X., Du, Y., Feng, J., Wang, G., 2018. Effect of hydrostatic pressure on protective bubble characteristic and
weld quality in underwater flux-cored wire wet welding.Journal of Materials Processing Technology 259, 159–168
20] Callister, W.D.Jr., 2003. Materials Science and Enginering. Utah: University of Utah.
21] Xue, S., Wang, B., Zhang, L., Long, W., 2019. Development of Green Welding Technology in China During the Past. Materials
Reports 33, 2813- 2830
22] Fydrych, D., Labanowski, J., Rogalski, G., 2013. Weldability of high strength steels in wet welding conditions. Polish Maritime
Research 20, 67- 73.
23] Zhang, Y., Jia, C., Zhao, B., Hu, J., Wu, C., 2016. Heat input and metal transfer influences on the weld geometry and microstructure
during underwater wet FCAW. Journal of Materials Processing Technology 238, 373–382.
24] Shanavas, S., Dhas, J.E.R., Murugan, N., 2018. Weldability of marine grade AA 5052 aluminum alloy by underwater friction stir
welding. The international Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology.
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