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Research Article
Wear Behavior of DLC Coated HSS with Hydraulic Fluids
Ashutosh Kumar Singh1
Ayush Guha2
12 RV College of Engineering, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.
Published Online: September-October 2023
Pages: 01-14
Cite this article
No DOIReferences
1. Brian Nesbitt, ‘Handbook of Pumps and Pumping : Pumping Manual International’, Elsevier, Vol 1, 2006, 132-152, ISBN:
9781856174763
2. F. F. Tao & J. K. Appeldoorn ‘An Experimental Study of the Wear Caused by Loose Abrasive Particles in Oil’ , ASLE Transactions, Vol
13,2014, 169-178
3. Kenji Ohara1,Kiyoshi Hanyuda, Yasushi, Kawamura, Kentaro Omura, Imari Kameda, v Noritsugu Umehara , Hiroyuki Kousaka,
‘Analysis of Wear Track on DLC Coatings after Sliding with MoDTC‐Containing Lubricants’, Japanese Society of Tribologists, Vol 12,
2017, 110-116
4. Josyula, S.K., Dube, A., Patro, D., Veeregowda, D.H. “On the Fictitious Grease Lubrication Performance in a Four-Ball
Tester”,Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute, Vol 9, 2021, 33-34
5. Fábio Cardoso, Fábio Ferreira, Albano Cavaleiro, Amílcar Ramalho,'Performance of diamond-like carbon coatings (produced by the
innovative Ne-HiPIMS technology) under different lubrication regimes', Elsevier, Vol 477, 2021, 203-205
6. Fontaine, J., Donnet, C., Erdemir, ‘Fundamentals of the Tribology of DLC Coatings in Tribology of Diamond-Like Carbon Films’,
Springer,Vol 58, 2008, 139–154
7. Majumdar, ‘Oïl Hydraulic Systems – Principles and Maintenance’, Tata McGraw Hill, Vol 3, 2006, 234-238, ISBN-100074637487
8. Rex Miller, ‘Pumps and Hydraulics’, Wilky Publishing, Vol 5, 2004, 89-92, ISBN-13978-0764571169
9. Joji Parambath, “Industrial Hydraulic systems – theory and practice” ,Vol 2, 2016,33-43, ISBN-101627341757
10. D.K., Kumar, A., Ajit,B.; Menezes, P.L. Diamond-Like Carbon (DLC) Coatings:Classifications, Properties, and Applications’, MDPI,
Vol 11, 2021, 9-1
11. Ankit Tyagi, R.S. Walia, Qasim Murtaza, Shailesh M. Pandey, Pawan K. Tyagi, Bharat Bajaj, ‘A critical review of diamond like
carbon coating for wear resistance applications’, International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials, Vol 78, 2019, 107-122
12. Longchen Cui, Zhibin Lu, Liping Wang, ‘Environmental effect on the load-dependent friction behavior of a diamond-like carbon
film’, Tribology International, Vol 82, 2015, 195-199
13. Muguruma, T.; Iijima, M.; Kawaguchi, M.; Mizoguchi, I. ‘Effects of sp2/sp3 Ratio and Hydrogen Content on In Vitro Bending and
Frictional Performance of DLC-Coated Orthodontic Stainless Steels'', MDPI, Vol 8, 2018, 199-203.
14. J. Solis, H. Zhao, C. Wang, J.A. Verduzco, A.S. Bueno, A. Neville, ‘Tribological performance of an H-DLC coating prepared by
PECVD’, Applied Surface Science, Vol 383, 2016, 222-232
15. T. Kasiorowski, J. Lin, P. Soares, C.M. Lepienski, C.A. Neitzke, G.B. de Souza, R.D.Torres, ‘Microstructural and tribological
characterization of DLC coatings deposited by plasma enhanced techniques on steel substrates’, Surface and Coatings Technology, Vol
389, 2020, 27-32
16. F. Cemin, L.T. Bim, C.M. Menezes, M.E.H. Maia da Costa, I.J.R. Baumvol, F. Alvarez, C.A. Figueroa, ‘The influence of different silicon
adhesion interlayers on the tribological behavior of DLC thin films deposited on steel by EC-PECVD’, Surface and Coatings
Technology,Vol 283, 2015, 115-121
17. Gautam Yadav, Sudhir Tiwari, M.L. Jain, ‘Tribological analysis of extreme pressure and anti-wear properties of engine lubricating oil
using four ball tester’, Materials Today: Proceedings, Vol 5, 2018, 248-253
18. Yangyi Xiao, Wankai Shi, Jing Luo, Yijian Liao, ‘The tribological performance of TiN, WC/C and DLC coatings measured by the four
ball test’, Ceramics International, Vol 40, 2014, 6919-692
19. Haldar, Abhisek & Kotia, Ankit & Kumar, N. & Ghosh, Subrata. ‘Enhancing the tribological properties of hydraulic oil-based
nanolubricants using MWCNT-SiO2 hybrid nanoparticles’, Journal of the Brazilian Society of Mechanical Sciences and Engineering, Vol
44, 2022, 88-92
20. Nazare, M & Paleu, Viorel & Bhaumik, Shubrajit & Ianus, Gelu & Olaru, Dumitru. (2018). ‘Performances of automotive lubricants –
tests on four ball machine’, IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, Vol 2, 2018, 78-82
21. Emiliano Mucchi, Alessandro Agazzi, Gianluca D'Elia, Giorgio Dalpiaz, ‘On the wear and lubrication regime in variable displacement
vane pumps’, Wear, Vol 306, 2013, 36-46
22. Rui Lan, Zhifeng Ma, Chunji Wang, Guoying Lu, Yanyan Yuan, Changlun Shi, ‘Microstructural and tribological characterization of
DLC coating by in-situ duplex plasma nitriding and arc ion plating’, Diamond and Related Materials, Vol 98, 2019, 92-96
23. Alan H. Lettington, ‘Applications of diamond-like carbon thin films’, Carbon, Vol 36, 2007, 555-560
24. R. Tietema,Saleem Hashmi, Gilmar Ferreira Batalha, Chester J. Van Tyne, Bekir Yilbas, ‘Large-Scale Industrial Coating Applications
and Systems’, Comprehensive Materials Processing, Elsevier, Vol 3, 2014, 519-561
25. R. Colaço, ‘An AFM study of single-contact abrasive wear: The Rabinowicz wear equation revisited’, Wear, Vol 267, 2009, 1772-1776
26. Bhushan, Bharat, ‘Introduction to tribology’, wiley, Vol 2, 2013, 421-498, ISBN 978-1-119-94453-9
27. M.M. Khruschov, ‘Principles of abrasive wear’, Wear, Vol 28, 2014, 69-88
28. J.A. Williams, A.M. Hyncica, ‘Mechanisms of abrasive wear in lubricated contacts’, Wear, Vol 152, 2006, 57-74
29. Goddard, J. and Hamish Wilman. ‘A theory of friction and wear during the abrasion of metals’. Wear, Vol 5 , 2012, 114-13
30. G.W. Stachowiak, A.W. Batchelor, ‘Abrasive, Erosive and Cavitation Wear’, Tribology Series, Elsevier, Vol 24, 2004, 557-61
31. Tadashi Sasada, Mamoru Oike, Nobuhiko Emori. ‘The effect of abrasive grain size on the transition between abrasive and adhesive
wear’,Wear, Vol 97, 2004, 291-302
32. Saleem Hashmi, Gilmar Ferreira Batalha and Bekir Yilbas, ‘Comprehensive Materials Processing’, Vol 3, 2014, 235-239, ISBN 978-
0-08-096533-8
33. Craig Arnold, ‘The Systemic Approach to Contamination Control: A Complete Guide for Maximum System Performance’, Eaton
Vickers, Vol 4, 2002, 236-241, ISBN 221-0-12-081221-2
34. Craig Arnold, ‘Eaton hydraulic fluid specification’. Eaton Vickers, Vol 2, 2005, 98-112, ISBN 213-2-32-192320-3
35. Neveu, C. ‘Achieving Efficiency Gains through Hydraulic Fluid Selection: Laboratory Prediction and Field Evaluation’, Michaël
J. Goriva i Maziva, Vol 47, 2008, 248-262
36. Vacca, Andrea & Franzoni, Germano, ‘Hydraulic Fluids’, Vol 4, 2013, 143-147, ISBN-101119569117
37. Gautam Yadav, P. Ganai, S. Tiwari, ‘An Investigation of Prior Failure of Component of IC Engine through Spectrometric Oil
Analysis Program’, Applied Mechanics and Materials, Vol 592, 2014, 1362-1365
38. Gautam Yadav, P. Ganai, S. Tiwari, ‘Condition Monitoring of Internal Combustion Engine Using Oil Analysis Program’, IJRMET, Vol
4, 2014, 73-75
39. A.N. Farhanah and M.Z. Bahak, ‘Engine oil wear resistance’ Journal Tribologi, Vol 4, 2015, 10-20
40. Enzhu, H., Xianguo, H., Tianxia, L., Ling, F., Karl, D.D. and Hongming, ‘The role of soot particles in the tribological behavior of
engine lubricating oils’, Wear, Vol 5, 2013, 152-161.
41. A.D. Dongare, A. J. Gite, ‘Experimental analysis of tribological properties of various lubricating oils without and with using
extreme pressure additives by using four ball extreme pressure oil testing machine’, IOSR Journal of Engineering ,Vol 04, 2014, 10-27.
42. Deleanu L, Georgescu C, Ionescu T, F Guglea, D Isacescu, ‘A standard for tribological evaluation of lubricants that may bust
innovation’, D. IOP Conference Series. Materials Science and Engineering, Bristol’, Vol 997, 2020, 32-35
9781856174763
2. F. F. Tao & J. K. Appeldoorn ‘An Experimental Study of the Wear Caused by Loose Abrasive Particles in Oil’ , ASLE Transactions, Vol
13,2014, 169-178
3. Kenji Ohara1,Kiyoshi Hanyuda, Yasushi, Kawamura, Kentaro Omura, Imari Kameda, v Noritsugu Umehara , Hiroyuki Kousaka,
‘Analysis of Wear Track on DLC Coatings after Sliding with MoDTC‐Containing Lubricants’, Japanese Society of Tribologists, Vol 12,
2017, 110-116
4. Josyula, S.K., Dube, A., Patro, D., Veeregowda, D.H. “On the Fictitious Grease Lubrication Performance in a Four-Ball
Tester”,Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute, Vol 9, 2021, 33-34
5. Fábio Cardoso, Fábio Ferreira, Albano Cavaleiro, Amílcar Ramalho,'Performance of diamond-like carbon coatings (produced by the
innovative Ne-HiPIMS technology) under different lubrication regimes', Elsevier, Vol 477, 2021, 203-205
6. Fontaine, J., Donnet, C., Erdemir, ‘Fundamentals of the Tribology of DLC Coatings in Tribology of Diamond-Like Carbon Films’,
Springer,Vol 58, 2008, 139–154
7. Majumdar, ‘Oïl Hydraulic Systems – Principles and Maintenance’, Tata McGraw Hill, Vol 3, 2006, 234-238, ISBN-100074637487
8. Rex Miller, ‘Pumps and Hydraulics’, Wilky Publishing, Vol 5, 2004, 89-92, ISBN-13978-0764571169
9. Joji Parambath, “Industrial Hydraulic systems – theory and practice” ,Vol 2, 2016,33-43, ISBN-101627341757
10. D.K., Kumar, A., Ajit,B.; Menezes, P.L. Diamond-Like Carbon (DLC) Coatings:Classifications, Properties, and Applications’, MDPI,
Vol 11, 2021, 9-1
11. Ankit Tyagi, R.S. Walia, Qasim Murtaza, Shailesh M. Pandey, Pawan K. Tyagi, Bharat Bajaj, ‘A critical review of diamond like
carbon coating for wear resistance applications’, International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials, Vol 78, 2019, 107-122
12. Longchen Cui, Zhibin Lu, Liping Wang, ‘Environmental effect on the load-dependent friction behavior of a diamond-like carbon
film’, Tribology International, Vol 82, 2015, 195-199
13. Muguruma, T.; Iijima, M.; Kawaguchi, M.; Mizoguchi, I. ‘Effects of sp2/sp3 Ratio and Hydrogen Content on In Vitro Bending and
Frictional Performance of DLC-Coated Orthodontic Stainless Steels'', MDPI, Vol 8, 2018, 199-203.
14. J. Solis, H. Zhao, C. Wang, J.A. Verduzco, A.S. Bueno, A. Neville, ‘Tribological performance of an H-DLC coating prepared by
PECVD’, Applied Surface Science, Vol 383, 2016, 222-232
15. T. Kasiorowski, J. Lin, P. Soares, C.M. Lepienski, C.A. Neitzke, G.B. de Souza, R.D.Torres, ‘Microstructural and tribological
characterization of DLC coatings deposited by plasma enhanced techniques on steel substrates’, Surface and Coatings Technology, Vol
389, 2020, 27-32
16. F. Cemin, L.T. Bim, C.M. Menezes, M.E.H. Maia da Costa, I.J.R. Baumvol, F. Alvarez, C.A. Figueroa, ‘The influence of different silicon
adhesion interlayers on the tribological behavior of DLC thin films deposited on steel by EC-PECVD’, Surface and Coatings
Technology,Vol 283, 2015, 115-121
17. Gautam Yadav, Sudhir Tiwari, M.L. Jain, ‘Tribological analysis of extreme pressure and anti-wear properties of engine lubricating oil
using four ball tester’, Materials Today: Proceedings, Vol 5, 2018, 248-253
18. Yangyi Xiao, Wankai Shi, Jing Luo, Yijian Liao, ‘The tribological performance of TiN, WC/C and DLC coatings measured by the four
ball test’, Ceramics International, Vol 40, 2014, 6919-692
19. Haldar, Abhisek & Kotia, Ankit & Kumar, N. & Ghosh, Subrata. ‘Enhancing the tribological properties of hydraulic oil-based
nanolubricants using MWCNT-SiO2 hybrid nanoparticles’, Journal of the Brazilian Society of Mechanical Sciences and Engineering, Vol
44, 2022, 88-92
20. Nazare, M & Paleu, Viorel & Bhaumik, Shubrajit & Ianus, Gelu & Olaru, Dumitru. (2018). ‘Performances of automotive lubricants –
tests on four ball machine’, IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, Vol 2, 2018, 78-82
21. Emiliano Mucchi, Alessandro Agazzi, Gianluca D'Elia, Giorgio Dalpiaz, ‘On the wear and lubrication regime in variable displacement
vane pumps’, Wear, Vol 306, 2013, 36-46
22. Rui Lan, Zhifeng Ma, Chunji Wang, Guoying Lu, Yanyan Yuan, Changlun Shi, ‘Microstructural and tribological characterization of
DLC coating by in-situ duplex plasma nitriding and arc ion plating’, Diamond and Related Materials, Vol 98, 2019, 92-96
23. Alan H. Lettington, ‘Applications of diamond-like carbon thin films’, Carbon, Vol 36, 2007, 555-560
24. R. Tietema,Saleem Hashmi, Gilmar Ferreira Batalha, Chester J. Van Tyne, Bekir Yilbas, ‘Large-Scale Industrial Coating Applications
and Systems’, Comprehensive Materials Processing, Elsevier, Vol 3, 2014, 519-561
25. R. Colaço, ‘An AFM study of single-contact abrasive wear: The Rabinowicz wear equation revisited’, Wear, Vol 267, 2009, 1772-1776
26. Bhushan, Bharat, ‘Introduction to tribology’, wiley, Vol 2, 2013, 421-498, ISBN 978-1-119-94453-9
27. M.M. Khruschov, ‘Principles of abrasive wear’, Wear, Vol 28, 2014, 69-88
28. J.A. Williams, A.M. Hyncica, ‘Mechanisms of abrasive wear in lubricated contacts’, Wear, Vol 152, 2006, 57-74
29. Goddard, J. and Hamish Wilman. ‘A theory of friction and wear during the abrasion of metals’. Wear, Vol 5 , 2012, 114-13
30. G.W. Stachowiak, A.W. Batchelor, ‘Abrasive, Erosive and Cavitation Wear’, Tribology Series, Elsevier, Vol 24, 2004, 557-61
31. Tadashi Sasada, Mamoru Oike, Nobuhiko Emori. ‘The effect of abrasive grain size on the transition between abrasive and adhesive
wear’,Wear, Vol 97, 2004, 291-302
32. Saleem Hashmi, Gilmar Ferreira Batalha and Bekir Yilbas, ‘Comprehensive Materials Processing’, Vol 3, 2014, 235-239, ISBN 978-
0-08-096533-8
33. Craig Arnold, ‘The Systemic Approach to Contamination Control: A Complete Guide for Maximum System Performance’, Eaton
Vickers, Vol 4, 2002, 236-241, ISBN 221-0-12-081221-2
34. Craig Arnold, ‘Eaton hydraulic fluid specification’. Eaton Vickers, Vol 2, 2005, 98-112, ISBN 213-2-32-192320-3
35. Neveu, C. ‘Achieving Efficiency Gains through Hydraulic Fluid Selection: Laboratory Prediction and Field Evaluation’, Michaël
J. Goriva i Maziva, Vol 47, 2008, 248-262
36. Vacca, Andrea & Franzoni, Germano, ‘Hydraulic Fluids’, Vol 4, 2013, 143-147, ISBN-101119569117
37. Gautam Yadav, P. Ganai, S. Tiwari, ‘An Investigation of Prior Failure of Component of IC Engine through Spectrometric Oil
Analysis Program’, Applied Mechanics and Materials, Vol 592, 2014, 1362-1365
38. Gautam Yadav, P. Ganai, S. Tiwari, ‘Condition Monitoring of Internal Combustion Engine Using Oil Analysis Program’, IJRMET, Vol
4, 2014, 73-75
39. A.N. Farhanah and M.Z. Bahak, ‘Engine oil wear resistance’ Journal Tribologi, Vol 4, 2015, 10-20
40. Enzhu, H., Xianguo, H., Tianxia, L., Ling, F., Karl, D.D. and Hongming, ‘The role of soot particles in the tribological behavior of
engine lubricating oils’, Wear, Vol 5, 2013, 152-161.
41. A.D. Dongare, A. J. Gite, ‘Experimental analysis of tribological properties of various lubricating oils without and with using
extreme pressure additives by using four ball extreme pressure oil testing machine’, IOSR Journal of Engineering ,Vol 04, 2014, 10-27.
42. Deleanu L, Georgescu C, Ionescu T, F Guglea, D Isacescu, ‘A standard for tribological evaluation of lubricants that may bust
innovation’, D. IOP Conference Series. Materials Science and Engineering, Bristol’, Vol 997, 2020, 32-35
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